12KhM

billets, forgings, boiler tubes for continuous service at temperatures up to 500 degrees.

Classification

Country Section Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine Heat resistant steels and alloys Heat resistant low alloy steel

Chemical composition

Standard Fe, % Si, % Mn, % Cr, % Ni, % P, % C, % S, % Mo, %
GOST 5520-79 96.77–98.23 0.17–0.37 0.4–0.7 0.8–1.1 < 0.3 < 0.025 < 0.16 < 0.025 0.4–0.55

Information on suppliers

Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ $$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ $$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ $$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$, $$\Omega\cdot m$$
20 216 7850 0.498
100 210 11.2 50.24 0.24
200 204 12.5 50.24 0.519 0.33
300 199 12.7 50.24 0.569 0.41
400 193 12.9 48.56 0.595 0.54
500 182 13.2 46.89 0.653 0.64
600 173 13.5 46.05 0.733 0.74
700 13.8 43.96 0.888 0.9

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling Standard Size, mm Tension Classifiers $$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\epsilon_L$$, % $$\psi$$, % $$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$, $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Treatment
Sheet GOST 5520-79 430–550 235–245 18–22 490–590
Trumpet 455 284 31.5 66.5 1930 Normalization of 910-930 ° C, and Holidays 670-690 ° C, air cooling

Critical point temperatures

Ac1, K Ac3(Acm), K Ar3(Arcm), K Ar1, K
720 880 790 695

Analogues

Germany USA
1.7335 A182

Standards

Standard Description
GOST 5520-79

Description of chemical elements

Element Units of measurement Description
Fe % Iron
Si % Silicon
Mn % Manganese
Cr % Chrome
Ni % Nickel
P % Phosphorus
C % Carbon
S % Sulfur
Mo % Molybdenum

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ $$MPa$$ Elastic modulus
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ $$K^{-1}$$ Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$$\varkappa$$ $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$$\rho$$ $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ The density of the material
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$ $$\Omega\cdot m$$ Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$\sigma _{U}$$ $$MPa$$ Ultimate tensile strength
$$\sigma_{P}$$ $$MPa$$ Proportionality limit
$$\epsilon_L$$ % Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$$\psi$$ % Reduction in cross section on fracture
$$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$ $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Impact toughness

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter Units of measurement Description
Ac1 K
Ac3(Acm) K
Ar3(Arcm) K
Ar1 K