20kp

without heat treatment or after normalization — pipes, fittings, plugs, bolts, flanges, housing units and other details of the boiling steel, operating from -20 to 425 ° C; after carburizing and cyanide — the details of which require high surface hardness and low core strength (axles, fasteners, toes, stars, etc.).

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Structural steel	Carbonaceous quality structural steel

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	As, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	As, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
GOST 1050-88	98.185–99.58	< 0.07	0.25–0.5	< 0.25	< 0.3	< 0.3	< 0.08	< 0.035	0.17–0.24	< 0.04

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Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
20	212
100	208	12.3	51	7834	0.486	0.219
200	203	13.1	49	7803	0.498	0.292
300	197	13.8	44	7770	0.514	0.381
400	189	14.3	43	7736	0.533	0.487
500	177	14.8	39	7699	0.555	0.601
600	163	15.1	36	7659	0.584	0.758
700	140	15.2	32	7617	0.636	0.925
800			26	7624	0.703	1.094
900			26	7600	0.703	1.135
1000					0.695

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	Treatment
Sheet termoobrabotki.	GOST 4041-71	4–14			340–490		28
Trumpet	GOST 10705-80				372	225	22
The steel is calibrated.	GOST 10702-78				490		7	45
Band	GOST 1577-93	6–60			380	225	27	55	Normalization

Brinell hardness number

Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Sheet termoobrabotki.	GOST 4041-71		1270
Sheet annealed.	GOST 1577-93	fat	1560

Technological Properties

Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
no limits	not sensitive	not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K
Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K
735	850	835	680

Analogues

USA	Germany
USA	Germany
M1023	1.1152 (Cq22)

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 1050-88

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Cr	%	Chrome
Cu	%	Copper
Ni	%	Nickel
As	%	Arsenic
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$E\cdot 10^{9}$	$MPa$	Elastic modulus
$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$	$K^{-1}$	Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$\varkappa$	$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$\rho$	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	The density of the material
$c\cdot 10^{-3}$	$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$R\cdot 10^{-6}$	$\Omega\cdot m$	Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
no limits		Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded		Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld		For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Ac₁	K
Ac₃(Ac_m)	K
Ar₃(Arc_m)	K
Ar₁	K