A12
Substitute: A20.
For processing on machines and machines, pressure hot. able to last machining.
Carbon Sulfur Steel. According to GOST 1414−75 rolled steel A12 is not allowed to be used in the newly created and modernized technology.
Axles, rollers, bushings, gears, gear, fingers, screws, bolts and other lightly loaded small parts of complex shape are processed on the machines, vending machines, and which are increased requirements for surface quality and dimensional accuracy.
Classification
| Country |
Section |
Category |
| CIS, Russia, Ukraine |
Structural steel |
Improved machinability structural steel |
Chemical composition
| Standard |
Fe, % |
Si, % |
Mn, % |
Cu, % |
P, % |
C, % |
S, % |
|---|
| GOST 1414-75 |
97.79–98.91 |
0.15–0.35 |
0.7–1.1 |
< 0.25 |
0.08–0.15 |
0.08–0.16 |
0.08–0.2 |
Information on suppliers
Physical characteristics
| Temperature, °C |
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ |
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ |
$$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ |
$$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ |
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ |
|---|
| 20 |
1.98 |
|
|
7830 |
|
| 100 |
1.83 |
11.9 |
78 |
|
0.47 |
| 200 |
|
12.5 |
67 |
|
|
| 300 |
1.66 |
|
|
|
0.479 |
| 400 |
|
13.6 |
|
|
0.517 |
| 500 |
|
14.2 |
|
|
|
| 600 |
|
|
|
|
0.571 |
Mechanical properties at 20 °C
| Rolling |
Standard |
Size, mm |
Tension |
Classifiers |
$$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ |
$$\psi$$, % |
d5, % |
Treatment |
|---|
| Rental hot rolled. |
GOST 1414-75 |
|
|
hot rolling |
410 |
34 |
22 |
|
| Rental calibrated. Hardened. |
GOST 1414-75 |
|
|
calibrated, cold-work |
460–510 |
|
7 |
|
Brinell hardness number
| Rolling |
Standard |
Classifiers |
Value, HBW |
| Rental hot rolled. |
GOST 1414-75 |
hot rolling |
160 |
| Rental calibrated. Hardened. |
GOST 1414-75 |
calibrated, cold-work |
217 |
Technological Properties
| Weldability |
Flake Susceptibility |
Propensity to temper brittleness |
|---|
| Not applicable for welded structures |
sensitive |
not inclined |
Critical point temperatures
| Ac1, K |
Ac3(Acm), K |
Ar3(Arcm), K |
Ar1, K |
|---|
| 735 |
866 |
840 |
685 |
Analogues
| USA |
Germany |
European Union |
|---|
| Gr.1108 |
1.0724 |
10S20 |
Standards
Description of chemical elements
| Element |
Units of measurement |
Description |
| Fe |
% |
Iron |
| Si |
% |
Silicon |
| Mn |
% |
Manganese |
| Cu |
% |
Copper |
| P |
% |
Phosphorus |
| C |
% |
Carbon |
| S |
% |
Sulfur |
Description of physical characteristics
| Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
| $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ |
$$MPa$$ |
Elastic modulus |
| $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ |
$$K^{-1}$$ |
Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T) |
| $$\varkappa$$ |
$$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ |
Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material) |
| $$\rho$$ |
$$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ |
The density of the material |
| $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ |
$$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ |
The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T) |
Description of mechanical properties
| Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
| d5 |
% |
Elongation at break |
| $$\sigma _{U}$$ |
$$MPa$$ |
Ultimate tensile strength |
| $$\psi$$ |
% |
Reduction in cross section on fracture |
Designation of types of weldability
| Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
| no limits |
|
Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment |
| Boundedly welded |
|
Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment |
| Difficult to weld |
|
For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing |
| Not applicable for welded structures |
|
|
Description of temperatures of critical points
| Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
| Ac1 |
K |
|
| Ac3(Acm) |
K |
|
| Ar3(Arcm) |
K |
|
| Ar1 |
K |
|