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gears, mill rolls, rods, heavy duty shafts, axles, tires, light duty springs and springs, plowshares, fingers track link, clutch transmissions, body injectors and other parts operating friction.

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Structural steel	Carbonaceous quality structural steel

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	As, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	As, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
GOST 1050-88	97.275–98.86	0.17–0.37	0.5–0.8	< 0.25	< 0.3	< 0.3	< 0.08	< 0.035	0.47–0.55	< 0.04

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Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
20	216		48	7810		0.272
100	213	11.2	48		0.487
200	207	12	47		0.5
300	200	12.8	44		0.517
400	180	13.4	41		0.533
500	171	13.9	38		0.559
600	154	14.2	35		0.584
700	136	14.5	31
800	123	13.4	27

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	Treatment
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88	< 80			630	375	14	40	Normalization
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88			cold-work	660		6	30
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88			annealing	560		12	40
Sheet		6–60		fat	580		17		Annealing

Brinell hardness number

Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Round	GOST 10702-78	hot rolling	217
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88	hot rolling	241
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88	calibrated, cold-work	255
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88	annealing, calibrated	217
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88	annealing, hot rolling	207

Technological Properties

Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
Difficult to weld	insensitive	not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K	Mn, K
Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K	Mn, K
725	760	750	690	300

Analogues

USA	Germany
USA	Germany
G10550	1.0535 (C55)

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 1050-88

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Cr	%	Chrome
Cu	%	Copper
Ni	%	Nickel
As	%	Arsenic
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$E\cdot 10^{9}$	$MPa$	Elastic modulus
$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$	$K^{-1}$	Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$\varkappa$	$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$\rho$	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	The density of the material
$c\cdot 10^{-3}$	$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$R\cdot 10^{-6}$	$\Omega\cdot m$	Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
no limits		Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded		Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld		For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Ac₁	K
Ac₃(Ac_m)	K
Ar₃(Arc_m)	K
Ar₁	K
Mn	K