10

stamping, forging, high pressure boiler pipes and other items with a very long life at temperatures up to 350 degrees.

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Structural steel	Carbonaceous quality structural steel

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	As, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	As, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
GOST 1050-88	97.935–99.41	0.17–0.37	0.35–0.65	< 0.15	< 0.3	< 0.3	< 0.08	< 0.035	0.07–0.14	< 0.04

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Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
20	210			7856		0.14
100	203	12.4	57	7832	0.494	0.19
200	199	13.2	53	7800	0.532	0.263
300	190	13.9	49.6	7765	0.565	0.352
400	182	14.5	45	7730	0.611	0.458
500	172	14.85	39.9	7692	0.682	0.584
600	160	15.1	35.7	7653	0.77	0.734
700		15.2	32	7613	0.857	0.905
800		12.05	29	7582	0.875	1.081
900		14.08	27	7594	0.795	1.13
1000		12.6			0.666
1100		14.4			0.668

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Sheet		4–14		heat-treated	290–420		32
Trumpet	GOST 550-75			hot rolling	353	216	25	50	780
Trumpet					353	216	24
Trumpet					314	196	25
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88	< 80			330	205	31	55		Normalization
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88			cold-work	410		8	50
Metal rolling	GOST 1050-88			annealing	290		26	55
Metal rolling	GOST 10702-78			calibrated, cold-work	390		8	50

Brinell hardness number

Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Alloy	GOST 1050-88	calibrated, cold-work	1870
Alloy	GOST 1050-88	hot rolling	1430
Sheet		heat-treated	0–0
Trumpet			0–0
Trumpet	GOST 550-75	hot rolling	0–0
Round	GOST 10702-78	hot rolling	0–0

Technological Properties

Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
no limits	not sensitive	not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K
Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K
724	876	850	682

Analogues

USA	Germany
USA	Germany
M1012	1.0107 (P195TR1)
	1.0108 (P195TR2)
	1.0304 (C9D)

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 1050-88

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Cr	%	Chrome
Cu	%	Copper
Ni	%	Nickel
As	%	Arsenic
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$E\cdot 10^{9}$	$MPa$	Elastic modulus
$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$	$K^{-1}$	Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$\varkappa$	$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$\rho$	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	The density of the material
$c\cdot 10^{-3}$	$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$R\cdot 10^{-6}$	$\Omega\cdot m$	Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture
$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$	$\frac{J}{m^2}$	Impact toughness

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
no limits		Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded		Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld		For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Ac₁	K
Ac₃(Ac_m)	K
Ar₃(Arc_m)	K
Ar₁	K