1.0345 (P235GH)

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
Germany	Non-alloy Steels	Steels with Average C < 0,12% or Rm < 400 MPa

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Ti, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	V, %	Al, %	P, %	C, %	S, %	Nb, %	Mo, %	N, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Ti, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	V, %	Al, %	P, %	C, %	S, %	Nb, %	Mo, %	N, %
EN 10028-2	97.168–99.4	< 0.35	0.6–1.2	< 0.3	< 0.03	< 0.3	< 0.3	< 0.02	< 0.02	< 0.025	< 0.16	< 0.015	< 0.02	< 0.08	< 0.012

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Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{Y}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$KV_{L}$ , $J$	$KV_{T}$ , $J$	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{Y}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$KV_{L}$ , $J$	$KV_{T}$ , $J$	Treatment
		< 100		normalization	360–480		24–25		27
		100–150		normalization	350–480	185
		150–250		normalization	340–480	170
		< 16		normalization		235
		16–40		normalization		225
		40–60		normalization		215
		60–100		normalization		200
								28

Properties

Property
Property
According to EN 10028-2 +N note: Normalization: 890 - 950°C
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: > 235 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: 360 - 480 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: < 16 mm ; elongation: > 24 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: < 16 mm ; Work strike KV at 20°C [68°F]: > 40 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: < 16 mm ; Work strike KV at 0°C [32°F]: > 34 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: < 16 mm ; Work strike KV at -20°C [-4°F]: > 27 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: > 225 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: 360 - 480 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; elongation: > 24 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; Work strike KV at 20°C [68°F]: > 40 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; Work strike KV at 0°C [32°F]: > 34 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; Work strike KV at -20°C [-4°F]: > 27 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: > 215 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: 360 - 480 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; elongation: > 24 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 40 - 60mm ; Work strike KV at 20°C [68°F]: > 40 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 40 - 60mm ; Work strike KV at 0°C [32°F]: > 34 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 40 - 60mm ; Work strike KV at -20°C [-4°F]: > 27 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: > 200 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: 360 - 480 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; elongation: > 24 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; Work strike KV at 20°C [68°F]: > 40 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; Work strike KV at 0°C [32°F]: > 34 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; Work strike KV at -20°C [-4°F]: > 27 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; yield strength: > 185 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; tensile strength: 350 - 480 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; elongation: > 24 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; Work strike KV at 20°C [68°F]: > 40 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; Work strike KV at 0°C [32°F]: > 34 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; Work strike KV at -20°C [-4°F]: > 27 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 150 - 200 mm ; yield strength: > 170 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 150 - 200 mm ; tensile strength: 340 to 480 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 150 - 200 mm ; elongation: > 24 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 150 - 200 mm ; Work strike KV at 20°C [68°F]: > 40 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 150 - 200 mm ; Work strike KV at 0°C [32°F]: > 34 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Thickness: 150 - 200 mm ; Work strike KV at -20°C [-4°F]: > 27 j
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Class I Ratio of length of cracks (CLR): < 5 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Class I thickness Ratio cracks (CTR): < 1.5 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Class I Coefficient of sensitivity to cracking (CSR): < 0.5 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Class II Ratio of the length of the cracks (CLR): < 10 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Class II Ratio of the thickness of the cracks (CTR): < 3 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Class II Ratio of the sensitivity to cracking (CSR): < 1 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Class III Ratio of length of cracks (CLR): < 15 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Class III thickness Ratio cracks (CTR): < 5 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Class III Ratio of the sensitivity to cracking (CSR): < 2 %
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 50°C Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: > 227 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 50°C Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 218
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 50°C Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 208
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 50°C Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 193
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 50°C Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; yield strength: > 179 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 50°C Thickness: > 150 mm ; yield strength: > 164 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 100°C Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: > 214 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 100°C Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: > 205 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 100°C Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 196
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 100°C Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 182
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 100°C Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 168
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 100°C Thickness: > 150 mm ; yield strength: > 155 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 150°C Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 198
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 150°C Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: > 190 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 150°C Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 181
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 150°C Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: > 169 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 150°C Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; yield strength: > 156 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 150°C Thickness: > 150 mm ; yield strength: > 143 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 200°C Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 182
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 200°C Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 174
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 200°C Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: > 167 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 200°C Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: > 155 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 200°C Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; yield strength: > 143 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 200°C Thickness: > 150 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 132
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 250°C Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: > 167 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 250°C Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: > 160 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 250°C Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 153
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 250°C Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: > 142 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 250°C Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; yield strength: > 131 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 250°C Thickness: > 150 mm ; yield strength: > 121 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 300°C Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 153
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 300°C Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: > 147 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 300°C Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: > 140 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 300°C Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 139
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 300°C Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; yield strength: > 121 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 300°C Thickness: > 150 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 111
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 350°C Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: > 142 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 350°C Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: > 136 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 350°C Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: > 130 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 350°C Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: > 121 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 350°C Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 112
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 350°C Thickness: > 150 mm ; yield strength: > 103 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 400°C Thickness: < 16 mm ; yield strength: > 133 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 400°C Thickness: 16 - 40 mm ; yield strength: > 128 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 400°C Thickness: 40 - 60 mm ; yield strength: > MPa 122
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 400°C Thickness: 60 - 100 mm ; yield strength: > 114 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 400°C Thickness: 100 - 150 mm ; yield strength: > 105 MPa
According to EN 10028-2 +N Test at elevated temperature test Temperature 400°C Thickness: > 150 mm ; yield strength: > 97 MPa
Weldability ISO 15608 Group 1.1
The weldability of ASME section IX welding P-Number: 1
The weldability of ASME section IX welding Group: 1
The weldability of ASME section IX Brazing P-Number: 101
Weldability In ISO/TR 20172 Group: 1.1
Density: 7.84 g/cm3

Analogues

CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Germany	USA
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Germany	USA
12K	P 235 TR 1	P235GH

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
EN 10028-2
DIN EN 10028-2:2009
DIN EN 10028-2:2017
DIN EN 10216-2:2013
DIN EN 10217-2:2002
DIN EN 10217-2:2019
DIN EN 10217-5:2002
DIN EN 10217-5:2019
DIN EN 10222-2:2017
DIN EN 10222-2:2017 + prA1:2019
DIN EN 10253-2:2008
DIN EN 10253-2:2017
DIN EN 10273:2016

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Cr	%	Chrome
Ti	%	Titan
Cu	%	Copper
Ni	%	Nickel
V	%	Vanadium
Al	%	Aluminium
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur
Nb	%	Niobium
Mo	%	Molybdenum
N	%	Nitrogen

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma_{Y}$	$MPa$	Yield strength
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$KV_{L}$	$J$	Impact energy (longitudinal)
$KV_{T}$	$J$	Impact energy (transverse)