1.0403 (C 15 Pb)

Carburization can be carried out in solid (powdery), liquid or gaseous media. In general, there are two methods: simple and direct hardening after carburization. When hardening, the carburized material is cooled to room temperature or at least 600 ° C., after which it is heated to the quenching temperature, which usually exceeds the point Ac-3. The carburizing temperature at simple hardening is always higher than the hardening by 50−100 ° C. With direct quenching, the stage of cooling and heating of the material to the quenching temperature is excluded. In this case, direct cooling from the carburizing temperature is used. In direct hardening, only fine-grained steels and some alloys are used to avoid the formation of residual austenite.

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Germany	Non-alloy Steels	Steels with Average 0,12% =< C < 0,25% or 400 MPa = < Rm < 500 MPa

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Pb, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
	98.38–99.43	< 0.4	0.3–0.6	0.15–0.35	< 0.045	0.12–0.18	< 0.045

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Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$	$$\sigma_{Y}$$, $$MPa$$	$$\epsilon_L$$, %	$$\psi$$, %	$$KU$$, $$J$$	Treatment
		< 11			740–880	> 440	> 12	> 35	> 48	After carburization, in the core
		< 30			590–780	> 355	> 14	> 45	> 48	Cementation, in the core

Brinell hardness number

Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
		soft, average vacation	< 143

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Pb	%	Lead
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$$\sigma_{Y}$$	$$MPa$$	Yield strength
$$\sigma _{U}$$	$$MPa$$	Ultimate tensile strength
$$\epsilon_L$$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$$\psi$$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture
$$KU$$	$$J$$	Impact energy