15HM

Shafts, gears, axles, bolts, connecting rods, etc.

Billets, forgings, tubes for superheaters, steam lines, sewers, plumbing, long operating at temperatures up to 500 degrees.

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Heat resistant steels and alloys	Heat resistant low alloy steel

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	P, %	C, %	S, %	Mo, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	P, %	C, %	S, %	Mo, %
GOST 4543-71	96.43–98.12	0.17–0.37	0.4–0.7	0.8–1.1	< 0.3	< 0.3	< 0.035	0.11–0.18	< 0.035	0.4–0.55

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Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$
Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$
20	205			7850
100		12.2	44	7830	0.487
200		13	41	7800
300		13.3	41	7760
400		13.7	39	7730
450	172
500		14	36	7700
600		14.3	34	7660
700		14.5
800		13.4	29
900		11.2	29
1000		12.5

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Trumpet	GOST 8731-87				431	225	21
Rod					540	350	25	67	2700	Normalization of 900-920 ° C, and Holidays 630-650 ° C, air
Rod	GOST 4543-71	30			440	275	21	55	1180	Tempering 880 ° C, air Accommodation 650 ° C, air

Brinell hardness number

Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Alloy	GOST 4543-71	annealing	1790

Technological Properties

Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
no limits	sensitive	not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K
Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K
740	875

Analogues

Germany	USA
Germany	USA
1.7262	A387Gr.12Cl.2

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 4543-71

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Cr	%	Chrome
Cu	%	Copper
Ni	%	Nickel
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur
Mo	%	Molybdenum

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$E\cdot 10^{9}$	$MPa$	Elastic modulus
$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$	$K^{-1}$	Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$\varkappa$	$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$\rho$	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	The density of the material
$c\cdot 10^{-3}$	$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture
$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$	$\frac{J}{m^2}$	Impact toughness

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
no limits		Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded		Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld		For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Ac₁	K
Ac₃(Ac_m)	K