15L

women, stamp, blocks, rollers, housings, leashes, grips, sawing frame parts welded-cast designs with a large amount of welding, plates, pillows, and other non-critical parts operating under the influence of the average static and dynamic loads.

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Steels and alloys for castings	Ordinary steel for castings

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
GOST 977-88	98.26–99.23	0.2–0.52	0.45–0.9	< 0.06	0.12–0.2	< 0.06

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Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$
Temperature, °C	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$
20			7820
100	11.9	78		0.47
200	12.5	67		0.479
400	13.6	48		0.517
500	14.2	41
600				0.571

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Casting	GOST 977-88	< 100			392	196	24	35	491	Normalization of 910-930 ° C, 670-690 ° C and Holidays

Brinell hardness number

Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
			1090–1360

Casting and technological parameters

linear shrinkage, %
linear shrinkage, %
2.2–2.3

Technological Properties

Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
no limits	not sensitive	not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K
Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K
735	863	840	685

Heat Treatment Modes

Treatment
Treatment
Normalization 910-930 ° C or Normalization 910-930 ° C, Release 670 - 690 ° C

Analogues

Germany	European Union	USA
Germany	European Union	USA
1.0416	1.0416	J01700
1.042	C18D
1.1142
GS-38
1.1142 (GS-CK16)

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 977-88

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$	$K^{-1}$	Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$\varkappa$	$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$\rho$	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	The density of the material
$c\cdot 10^{-3}$	$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture
$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$	$\frac{J}{m^2}$	Impact toughness

Description of the casting and technological parameters

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
linear shrinkage	%	The difference between model dimensions and the model casting

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
no limits		Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded		Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld		For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Ac₁	K
Ac₃(Ac_m)	K
Ar₃(Arc_m)	K
Ar₁	K