20FL

large parts of freight cars: a housing coupler, traction clamp, bolster and side frame trucks.

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Steels and alloys for castings	Ordinary steel for castings

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	V, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	V, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
GOST 977-88	97.81–98.9	0.2–0.52	0.7–1.2	0.06–0.12	< 0.05	0.14–0.25	< 0.05

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Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Castings	GOST 977-88	< 100			491	294	18	35	491	Normalization of 920-960 ° C, 600-650 ° C and Holidays

Heat Treatment Modes

Treatment
Treatment
Normalization 920 - 960 ° C, Release 600 - 650 ° C

Analogues

USA
USA
J13052

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 977-88

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
V	%	Vanadium
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture
$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$	$\frac{J}{m^2}$	Impact toughness