α⋅106
K−1
ρ
kgm3
σU
MPa
σP
MPa
ϵL
ψ
KCU⋅103
Jm2

20HML

gears, spider, bushings, gears, cylinders, clamps, and other body parts, working for a long time at temperatures up to 500 ° C.

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Steels and alloys for castings	Ordinary steel for castings

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	P, %	C, %	S, %	Mo, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	P, %	C, %	S, %	Mo, %
GOST 977-88	97.05–98.45	0.2–0.42	0.4–0.9	0.4–0.7	< 0.04	0.15–0.25	< 0.04	0.4–0.6

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Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$
Temperature, °C	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$
20		7800
100	10.9	7780
200	12.4	7750
300	12.8	7720
400	13.1	7690
500	13.6	7650
600	13.9	7620

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Castings	GOST 977-88	< 100			441	245	18	30	294	Normalization of 880-900 ° C, 600-650 ° C and Holidays

Brinell hardness number

Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Alloy		normalization, average vacation	149–229

Casting and technological parameters

linear shrinkage, %
linear shrinkage, %
2.2–2.3

Technological Properties

Weldability	Propensity to temper brittleness
Weldability	Propensity to temper brittleness
Boundedly welded	not inclined

Heat Treatment Modes

Treatment
Treatment
Normalization 880 - 890 ° C, Release 600 - 650 ° C

Analogues

Germany
Germany
G 25 CrMo 4

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 977-88

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Cr	%	Chrome
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur
Mo	%	Molybdenum

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$	$K^{-1}$	Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$\rho$	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	The density of the material

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture
$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$	$\frac{J}{m^2}$	Impact toughness

Description of the casting and technological parameters

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
linear shrinkage	%	The difference between model dimensions and the model casting

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
no limits		Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded		Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld		For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures