20L

Chabauty, valves, fittings casting general engineering parts manufactured by investment casting, parts welded-cast structures and other parts operating at temperatures from -40 to 450 ° C.

Classification

Country Section Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine Steels and alloys for castings Ordinary steel for castings

Chemical composition

Standard Fe, % Si, % Mn, % P, % C, % S, %
GOST 977-88 98.21–99.18 0.2–0.52 0.45–0.9 < 0.06 0.17–0.25 < 0.06

Information on suppliers

Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C E\cdot 10^{9}, MPa \alpha\cdot 10^{6}, K^{-1} \varkappa, \frac{W}{m\cdot K} \rho, \frac{kg}{m^3} c\cdot 10^{-3}, \frac{J}{kg\cdot K} R\cdot 10^{-6}, \Omega\cdot m
20 201 54 7850 0.17
100 196 12.2 53 0.487 0.22
200 188 12.7 51 0.5 0.294
300 183 13.1 48 0.517 0.385
400 173 13.5 43 0.533 0.49
500 165 13.9 39 0.559 0.604
600 152 14.4 35 0.588 0.761
700 132 14.9 32 0.638 0.932
800 120 12.6 27 0.706 1.101
900 12.4 27 0.706 1.139

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling Standard Size, mm Tension Classifiers \sigma _{U}, MPa \sigma_{P}, MPa \epsilon_L, % \psi, % KCU\cdot 10^{3}, \frac{J}{m^2} Treatment
Castings GOST 977-88 < 100 412 216 22 35 491 Normalization of 880-900 ° C, 630-650 ° C and Holidays

Casting and technological parameters

linear shrinkage, %
2.2–2.3

Technological Properties

Weldability Flake Susceptibility Propensity to temper brittleness
no limits not sensitive not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac1, K Ac3(Acm), K Ar3(Arcm), K Ar1, K
735 854 835 680

Heat Treatment Modes

Treatment
Normalization 880 - 900 ° C or Normalization 880 - 900 ° C, Vacation 630 - 650 ° C

Analogues

USA Germany
J02502 1.0619 (GP240GH)

Standards

Standard Description
GOST 977-88

Description of chemical elements

Element Units of measurement Description
Fe % Iron
Si % Silicon
Mn % Manganese
P % Phosphorus
C % Carbon
S % Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter Units of measurement Description
E\cdot 10^{9} MPa Elastic modulus
\alpha\cdot 10^{6} K^{-1} Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
\varkappa \frac{W}{m\cdot K} Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
\rho \frac{kg}{m^3} The density of the material
c\cdot 10^{-3} \frac{J}{kg\cdot K} The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
R\cdot 10^{-6} \Omega\cdot m Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter Units of measurement Description
\sigma _{U} MPa Ultimate tensile strength
\sigma_{P} MPa Proportionality limit
\epsilon_L % Elongation at break (longitudinal)
\psi % Reduction in cross section on fracture
KCU\cdot 10^{3} \frac{J}{m^2} Impact toughness

Description of the casting and technological parameters

Parameter Units of measurement Description
linear shrinkage % The difference between model dimensions and the model casting

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter Units of measurement Description
no limits Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter Units of measurement Description
Ac1 K
Ac3(Acm) K
Ar3(Arcm) K
Ar1 K