α⋅106
K−1
ϰ
Wm⋅K
ρ
kgm3
c⋅10−3
Jkg⋅K
σU
MPa
σP
MPa
ϵL
ψ
KCU⋅103
Jm2

25L

bed mills, pulleys, beams, pistons, boxes, cover cylinders, plate flatness, frame roller tables and carts, trough, bearing housings, parts welded-cast structures and other parts operating at temperatures from -40 to 450 ° C under pressure.

Classification

Country Section Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine Steels and alloys for castings Ordinary steel for castings

Chemical composition

Standard Fe, % Si, % Mn, % P, % C, % S, %
GOST 977-88 98.16–99.13 0.2–0.52 0.45–0.9 < 0.06 0.22–0.3 < 0.06

Information on suppliers

Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C \alpha\cdot 10^{6}α⋅106, K^{-1}K−1 \varkappaϰ, \frac{W}{m\cdot K}Wm⋅K \rhoρ, \frac{kg}{m^3}kgm3 c\cdot 10^{-3}c⋅10−3, \frac{J}{kg\cdot K}Jkg⋅K
20 51 7830
100 11.5 76 0.47
200 12.9 65 0.483
300 13 44
400 13.2 38 0.525
500 13.5
600 0.571

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling Standard Size, mm Tension Classifiers \sigma _{U}σU, MPaMPa \sigma_{P}σP, MPaMPa \epsilon_LϵL, % \psiψ, % KCU\cdot 10^{3}KCU⋅103, \frac{J}{m^2}Jm2 Treatment
Castings GOST 977-88 < 100 441 235 19 30 392 Normalization of 880-900 ° C, 610-630 ° C and Holidays
Castings GOST 977-88 491 294 22 33 343 Tempering 870-890 ° C, 610-630 ° C and Holidays

Brinell hardness number

Rolling Standard Classifiers Value, HBW
Alloy 124–207

Casting and technological parameters

linear shrinkage, %
2.2–2.3

Technological Properties

Weldability Flake Susceptibility Propensity to temper brittleness
Boundedly welded not sensitive not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac1, K Ac3(Acm), K Ar3(Arcm), K Ar1, K
735 840 824 680

Heat Treatment Modes

Treatment
Normalization 880 - 900 ° C, Vacation 610 - 630 ° C
Tempering 870 - 890 ° C, Vacation 610 - 630 ° C

Analogues

Germany USA
1.0443 N1

Standards

Standard Description
GOST 977-88

Description of chemical elements

Element Units of measurement Description
Fe % Iron
Si % Silicon
Mn % Manganese
P % Phosphorus
C % Carbon
S % Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter Units of measurement Description
\alpha\cdot 10^{6}α⋅106 K^{-1}K−1 Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
\varkappaϰ \frac{W}{m\cdot K}Wm⋅K Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
\rhoρ \frac{kg}{m^3}kgm3 The density of the material
c\cdot 10^{-3}c⋅10−3 \frac{J}{kg\cdot K}Jkg⋅K The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter Units of measurement Description
\sigma _{U}σU MPaMPa Ultimate tensile strength
\sigma_{P}σP MPaMPa Proportionality limit
\epsilon_LϵL % Elongation at break (longitudinal)
\psiψ % Reduction in cross section on fracture
KCU\cdot 10^{3}KCU⋅103 \frac{J}{m^2}Jm2 Impact toughness

Description of the casting and technological parameters

Parameter Units of measurement Description
linear shrinkage % The difference between model dimensions and the model casting

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter Units of measurement Description
no limits Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter Units of measurement Description
Ac1 K
Ac3(Acm) K
Ar3(Arcm) K
Ar1 K