35X
Axles, shafts, gears, ring rails and other improves the detail.
Classification
Country |
Section |
Category |
CIS, Russia, Ukraine |
Structural steel |
Alloyed structural steel |
Chemical composition
Standard |
Fe, % |
Si, % |
Mn, % |
Cr, % |
Cu, % |
Ni, % |
P, % |
C, % |
S, % |
GOST 4543-71 |
96.67–98.22 |
0.17–0.37 |
0.5–0.8 |
0.8–1.1 |
< 0.3 |
< 0.3 |
< 0.035 |
0.31–0.39 |
< 0.035 |
Information on suppliers
Physical characteristics
Temperature, °C |
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ |
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ |
$$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ |
20 |
214 |
|
|
100 |
|
11.3 |
47 |
200 |
|
12 |
43 |
300 |
207 |
12.9 |
40 |
400 |
|
13.7 |
36 |
500 |
176 |
14.2 |
|
600 |
|
14.6 |
|
Mechanical properties at 20 °C
Rolling |
Standard |
Size, mm |
Tension |
Classifiers |
$$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ |
$$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ |
$$\epsilon_L$$, % |
$$\psi$$, % |
$$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$, $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ |
Treatment |
Rod |
GOST 4543-71 |
25 |
|
|
910 |
735 |
11 |
45 |
690 |
Tempering 860 ° C, oil, leave 500 ° C, the water |
Forgings |
|
< 100 |
|
|
655 |
490 |
16 |
45 |
590 |
Hardening and tempering |
Forgings |
|
100–300 |
|
|
615 |
395 |
15 |
40 |
540 |
Hardening and tempering |
Brinell hardness number
Technological Properties
Weldability |
Flake Susceptibility |
Propensity to temper brittleness |
Boundedly welded |
insensitive |
inclined |
Critical point temperatures
Ac1, K |
Ac3(Acm), K |
Ar3(Arcm), K |
Ar1, K |
Mn, K |
743 |
782 |
730 |
693 |
360 |
Analogues
Standards
Description of chemical elements
Element |
Units of measurement |
Description |
Fe |
% |
Iron |
Si |
% |
Silicon |
Mn |
% |
Manganese |
Cr |
% |
Chrome |
Cu |
% |
Copper |
Ni |
% |
Nickel |
P |
% |
Phosphorus |
C |
% |
Carbon |
S |
% |
Sulfur |
Description of physical characteristics
Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ |
$$MPa$$ |
Elastic modulus |
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ |
$$K^{-1}$$ |
Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T) |
$$\varkappa$$ |
$$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ |
Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material) |
Description of mechanical properties
Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
$$\sigma _{U}$$ |
$$MPa$$ |
Ultimate tensile strength |
$$\sigma_{P}$$ |
$$MPa$$ |
Proportionality limit |
$$\epsilon_L$$ |
% |
Elongation at break (longitudinal) |
$$\psi$$ |
% |
Reduction in cross section on fracture |
$$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$ |
$$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ |
Impact toughness |
Designation of types of weldability
Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
no limits |
|
Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment |
Boundedly welded |
|
Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment |
Difficult to weld |
|
For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing |
Not applicable for welded structures |
|
|
Description of temperatures of critical points
Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
Ac1 |
K |
|
Ac3(Acm) |
K |
|
Ar3(Arcm) |
K |
|
Ar1 |
K |
|
Mn |
K |
|