35HM

Shafts, gears, spindles, bolts, flanges, wheels, tires, stocks and other critical parts, working in conditions of high loads and speeds at temperatures up to 450−500 ° C.

Classification

Country Section Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine Heat resistant steels and alloys Heat-resistant relaxation-resistant steel

Chemical composition

Standard Fe, % Si, % Mn, % Cr, % Cu, % Ni, % P, % C, % S, % Mo, %
GOST 4543-71 96.51–98.16 0.17–0.37 0.4–0.7 0.8–1.1 < 0.3 < 0.3 < 0.035 0.32–0.4 < 0.035 0.15–0.25

Information on suppliers

Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ $$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ $$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ $$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$, $$\Omega\cdot m$$
20 218 7820 0.328
100 216 12.3 40.6 7800 0.462 0.36
200 12.6 39.8 7770
300 205 12.9 38.5 7740 0.425
400 195 13.9 37.3 7700 0.523
500 186 14.4 7660 0.628
600 14.6

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling Standard Size, mm Tension Classifiers $$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\epsilon_L$$, % $$\psi$$, % $$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$, $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Treatment
Rod GOST 4543-71 25 930 835 12 45 780 Hardening and tempering
Forgings < 100 950 750 13 42 650 Tempering 850-880 ° C, oil, Holidays 585-650 ° C
Forgings < 120 900 710 13 42 650 Tempering 850-880 ° C, oil, Holidays 585-650 ° C
Forgings < 150 800 600 14 45 650 Tempering 850-880 ° C, oil, Holidays 585-650 ° C
Forgings < 200 700 500 16 45 600 Tempering 850-880 ° C, oil, Holidays 585-650 ° C

Brinell hardness number

Rolling Standard Classifiers Value, HBW
Alloy GOST 4543-71 annealing 241

Technological Properties

Weldability Flake Susceptibility Propensity to temper brittleness
Boundedly welded sensitive not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac1, K Ac3(Acm), K Ar3(Arcm), K Ar1, K
755 800 750 695

Analogues

Germany USA
1.722 4135

Standards

Standard Description
GOST 4543-71

Description of chemical elements

Element Units of measurement Description
Fe % Iron
Si % Silicon
Mn % Manganese
Cr % Chrome
Cu % Copper
Ni % Nickel
P % Phosphorus
C % Carbon
S % Sulfur
Mo % Molybdenum

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ $$MPa$$ Elastic modulus
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ $$K^{-1}$$ Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$$\varkappa$$ $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$$\rho$$ $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ The density of the material
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$ $$\Omega\cdot m$$ Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$\sigma _{U}$$ $$MPa$$ Ultimate tensile strength
$$\sigma_{P}$$ $$MPa$$ Proportionality limit
$$\epsilon_L$$ % Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$$\psi$$ % Reduction in cross section on fracture
$$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$ $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Impact toughness

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter Units of measurement Description
no limits Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter Units of measurement Description
Ac1 K
Ac3(Acm) K
Ar3(Arcm) K
Ar1 K