35HML

gear, crosses, sleeves, ring gears and other important parts, which are requirements of high strength and toughness, operating under the influence of high static and dynamic loads and requiring high hardness.

Classification

Country Section Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine Steels and alloys for castings Ordinary steel for castings

Chemical composition

Standard Fe, % Si, % Mn, % Cr, % P, % C, % S, % Mo, %
GOST 977-88 96.82–98.1 0.2–0.4 0.4–0.9 0.8–1.1 < 0.04 0.3–0.4 < 0.04 0.2–0.3

Information on suppliers

Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ $$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ $$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ $$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$, $$\Omega\cdot m$$
20 215 47 7840 0.242
100 212 12.2 44 0.479 0.273
200 207 12.6 42 0.5 0.337
300 203 13.4 40 0.512 0.438
400 192 14.3 37 0.529 0.549
500 179 14.5 34 0.55 0.674
600 166 14.6 31 0.58 0.83
700 141 14.7 28 0.617 0.983
800 130 12.2 27 0.689 1.12
900 12.7 27 0.685 1.201

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling Standard Size, mm Tension Classifiers $$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\epsilon_L$$, % $$\psi$$, % $$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$, $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Treatment
Castings GOST 977-88 < 100 589 392 12 20 294 Normalization of 860-880 ° C, 600-650 ° C and Holidays
Castings GOST 977-88 687 540 12 25 392 Tempering 860-870 ° C, 600-650 ° C and Holidays
Castings GOST 21357-87 700 600 10 18 Hardening and tempering

Brinell hardness number

Rolling Standard Classifiers Value, HBW
Alloy 163–225
Alloy Hardening, average vacation 206–255

Casting and technological parameters

linear shrinkage, %
2.2–2.3

Technological Properties

Weldability Flake Susceptibility Propensity to temper brittleness
Boundedly welded sensitive not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac1, K Ac3(Acm), K Ar3(Arcm), K Ar1, K
757 802 750 693

Heat Treatment Modes

Treatment
Normalization 860 - 880 ° C, Release 600 - 650 ° C
Tempering 860 - 870 ° C, Release 600 - 650 ° C

Analogues

USA Germany
J13345 1.7220 (34CrMo4)

Standards

Standard Description
GOST 977-88

Description of chemical elements

Element Units of measurement Description
Fe % Iron
Si % Silicon
Mn % Manganese
Cr % Chrome
P % Phosphorus
C % Carbon
S % Sulfur
Mo % Molybdenum

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ $$MPa$$ Elastic modulus
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ $$K^{-1}$$ Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$$\varkappa$$ $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$$\rho$$ $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ The density of the material
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$ $$\Omega\cdot m$$ Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$\sigma _{U}$$ $$MPa$$ Ultimate tensile strength
$$\sigma_{P}$$ $$MPa$$ Proportionality limit
$$\epsilon_L$$ % Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$$\psi$$ % Reduction in cross section on fracture
$$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$ $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Impact toughness

Description of the casting and technological parameters

Parameter Units of measurement Description
linear shrinkage % The difference between model dimensions and the model casting

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter Units of measurement Description
no limits Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter Units of measurement Description
Ac1 K
Ac3(Acm) K
Ar3(Arcm) K
Ar1 K