35L

bed mills, gears, rods, sliders, valves, balance beams, diaphragms, rollers, rollers, brackets and other parts operating under the influence of the average static and dynamic loads.

Classification

Country Section Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine Steels and alloys for castings Ordinary steel for castings

Chemical composition

Standard Fe, % Si, % Mn, % P, % C, % S, %
GOST 977-88 98.06–99.03 0.2–0.52 0.45–0.9 < 0.06 0.32–0.4 < 0.06

Information on suppliers

Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ $$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ $$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ $$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$, $$\Omega\cdot m$$
20 212 53 7830 0.172
100 206 11.1 51 0.47 0.223
200 201 12 49 0.491 0.301
300 192 12.9 45 0.512 0.394
400 176 13.5 42 0.533 0.497
500 163 13.9 39 0.554 0.623
600 151 14.5 35 0.58 0.771
700 131 14.8 31 0.613 0.935
800 118 11.9 27 0.71 1.115
900 12.5 27 0.701 1.154

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling Standard Size, mm Tension Classifiers $$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\epsilon_L$$, % $$\psi$$, % $$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$, $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Treatment
Castings GOST 977-88 < 100 491 275 15 25 343 Normalization of 860-880 ° C, 600-630 ° C and Holidays
Castings GOST 977-88 540 343 16 20 294 Tempering 860-880 ° C, 600-630 ° C and Holidays

Brinell hardness number

Rolling Standard Classifiers Value, HBW
Alloy 137–229

Casting and technological parameters

linear shrinkage, %
2.2–2.3

Technological Properties

Weldability Flake Susceptibility Propensity to temper brittleness
Boundedly welded not sensitive not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac1, K Ac3(Acm), K Ar3(Arcm), K Ar1, K
730 802 795 691

Heat Treatment Modes

Treatment
Normalization 860 - 880 ° C, Release 600 - 630 ° C
Tempering 860 - 880 ° C, Release 600 - 630 ° C

Analogues

USA Germany
J03502 1.0551 (S355JRC)

Standards

Standard Description
GOST 977-88

Description of chemical elements

Element Units of measurement Description
Fe % Iron
Si % Silicon
Mn % Manganese
P % Phosphorus
C % Carbon
S % Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ $$MPa$$ Elastic modulus
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ $$K^{-1}$$ Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$$\varkappa$$ $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$$\rho$$ $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ The density of the material
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$ $$\Omega\cdot m$$ Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$\sigma _{U}$$ $$MPa$$ Ultimate tensile strength
$$\sigma_{P}$$ $$MPa$$ Proportionality limit
$$\epsilon_L$$ % Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$$\psi$$ % Reduction in cross section on fracture
$$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$ $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Impact toughness

Description of the casting and technological parameters

Parameter Units of measurement Description
linear shrinkage % The difference between model dimensions and the model casting

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter Units of measurement Description
no limits Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter Units of measurement Description
Ac1 K
Ac3(Acm) K
Ar3(Arcm) K
Ar1 K