40HL

bandages, sections crown car dumper, gears and other parts requiring high hardness and shaped castings of complex configuration of small size, manufactured by investment casting.

Classification

Country Section Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine Steels and alloys for castings Ordinary steel for castings

Chemical composition

Standard Fe, % Si, % Mn, % Cr, % P, % C, % S, %
GOST 977-88 97.07–98.25 0.2–0.4 0.4–0.9 0.8–1.1 < 0.04 0.35–0.45 < 0.04

Information on suppliers

Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ $$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ $$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ $$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$, $$\Omega\cdot m$$
20 219 48 7830 0.233
100 216 12.2 46 0.491 0.27
200 210 12.7 45 0.508 0.335
300 204 13.1 42 0.525 0.435
400 185 13.4 39 0.538 0.54
500 176 13.8 35 0.567 0.665
600 164 13.2 32 0.588 0.815
700 143 14.6 28 0.626 0.975
800 132 11.8 27 0.701 1.115
900 12.6 27 0.689 1.195

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling Standard Size, mm Tension Classifiers $$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\epsilon_L$$, % $$\psi$$, % $$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$, $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Treatment
Castings GOST 977-88 < 100 638 491 12 25 392 Normalization of 850-860 ° C, 600-650 ° C and Holidays

Brinell hardness number

Rolling Standard Classifiers Value, HBW
Alloy 196–229

Casting and technological parameters

linear shrinkage, %
2.2–2.3

Technological Properties

Weldability Flake Susceptibility Propensity to temper brittleness
Boundedly welded insensitive inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac1, K Ac3(Acm), K Ar3(Arcm), K Ar1, K
743 782 730 693

Heat Treatment Modes

Treatment
Tempering 850 - 870 ° C, Release 600 - 650 ° C

Standards

Standard Description
GOST 977-88

Description of chemical elements

Element Units of measurement Description
Fe % Iron
Si % Silicon
Mn % Manganese
Cr % Chrome
P % Phosphorus
C % Carbon
S % Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ $$MPa$$ Elastic modulus
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ $$K^{-1}$$ Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$$\varkappa$$ $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$$\rho$$ $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ The density of the material
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$ $$\Omega\cdot m$$ Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$\sigma _{U}$$ $$MPa$$ Ultimate tensile strength
$$\sigma_{P}$$ $$MPa$$ Proportionality limit
$$\epsilon_L$$ % Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$$\psi$$ % Reduction in cross section on fracture
$$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$ $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ Impact toughness

Description of the casting and technological parameters

Parameter Units of measurement Description
linear shrinkage % The difference between model dimensions and the model casting

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter Units of measurement Description
no limits Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter Units of measurement Description
Ac1 K
Ac3(Acm) K
Ar3(Arcm) K
Ar1 K