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traction, earrings, beams, levers, shafts, sprockets, spindles, press cylinders, joints and other parts of low strength.
traction, earrings, beams, levers, shafts, sprockets, spindles, press cylinders, joints and other parts of low strength.
Standard | Fe, % | Si, % | Mn, % | Cr, % | Cu, % | Ni, % | As, % | P, % | C, % | S, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GOST 1050-88 | 97.475–99.06 | 0.17–0.37 | 0.5–0.8 | < 0.25 | < 0.3 | < 0.3 | < 0.08 | < 0.035 | 0.27–0.35 | < 0.04 |
Temperature, °C | $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ | $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ | $$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ | $$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ | $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 200 | 52 | 7850 | ||
100 | 196 | 12.1 | 51 | 0.47 | |
200 | 191 | 12.9 | 49 | 0.483 | |
300 | 185 | 13.6 | 46 | 0.546 | |
400 | 14.2 | 43 | 0.563 | ||
500 | 14.7 | 39 | 0.764 | ||
600 | 164 | 15 | 36 | ||
700 | 15.2 | 32 |
Rolling | Standard | Size, mm | Tension | Classifiers | $$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ | $$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ | $$\epsilon_L$$, % | $$\psi$$, % | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sheet | 4–14 | heat-treated | 430–590 | 24 | |||||
Metal rolling | GOST 1050-88 | < 80 | 490 | 295 | 21 | 50 | Normalization | ||
Metal rolling | GOST 1050-88 | cold-work | 560 | 7 | 35 | ||||
Metal rolling | GOST 1050-88 | annealing | 440 | 17 | 45 | ||||
Tape | annealing | 390–640 | 16 | ||||||
Tape | cold-work | 640–930 |
Rolling | Standard | Classifiers | Value, HBW |
---|---|---|---|
Sheet | heat-treated | 0–0 | |
Metal rolling | GOST 1050-88 | calibrated, cold-work | 229 |
Metal rolling | GOST 1050-88 | hot rolling | 0–0 |
Metal rolling | GOST 1050-88 | annealing, calibrated | 0–0 |
USA | Germany |
---|---|
M1031 | 1.0528 (C30) |
Standard | Description |
---|---|
GOST 1050-88 |
Parameter | Units of measurement | Description |
---|---|---|
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ | $$MPa$$ | Elastic modulus |
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ | $$K^{-1}$$ | Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T) |
$$\varkappa$$ | $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ | Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material) |
$$\rho$$ | $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ | The density of the material |
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ | $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ | The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T) |
Parameter | Units of measurement | Description |
---|---|---|
no limits | Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment | |
Boundedly welded | Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment | |
Difficult to weld | For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing | |
Not applicable for welded structures |