35

details of low strength, experiencing little stress: axis, cylinders, crankshafts, connecting rods, spindles, sprockets, rods, rims, beams, trees, tires, wheels and other items.

Classification

Country Section Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine Structural steel Carbonaceous quality structural steel

Chemical composition

Standard Fe, % Si, % Mn, % Cr, % Cu, % Ni, % As, % P, % C, % S, %
GOST 1050-88 97.425–99.01 0.17–0.37 0.5–0.8 < 0.25 < 0.3 < 0.3 < 0.08 < 0.035 0.32–0.4 < 0.04

Information on suppliers

Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C E\cdot 10^{9}, MPa \alpha\cdot 10^{6}, K^{-1} \varkappa, \frac{W}{m\cdot K} \rho, \frac{kg}{m^3} c\cdot 10^{-3}, \frac{J}{kg\cdot K} R\cdot 10^{-6}, \Omega\cdot m
20 206 7826
100 197 12 49 7804 0.469 0.251
200 187 12.9 49 7771 0.49 0.321
300 156 13.6 47 7737 0.511 0.408
400 168 14.2 44 7700 0.532 0.511
500 14.6 41 7662 0.553 0.629
600 15 38 7623 0.578 0.759
700 15.2 35 7583 0.611 0.922
800 12.7 29 7600 0.708 1.112
900 13.9 28 7549 0.699 1.156

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling Standard Size, mm Tension Classifiers \sigma _{U}, MPa \sigma_{P}, MPa \epsilon_L, % \psi, % Treatment
Sheet 4–14 heat-treated 480–640 22
Trumpet 510 294 17
Round GOST 10702-78 calibrated 590 45 Annealing
Metal rolling GOST 1050-88 < 80 530 315 20 45 Normalization
Metal rolling GOST 1050-88 cold-work 590 6 35
Metal rolling GOST 1050-88 annealing 470 15 45
Tape annealing 390–640 16
Tape cold-work 640–930

Brinell hardness number

Rolling Standard Classifiers Value, HBW
Sheet heat-treated 0–0
Trumpet 0–0
Metal rolling GOST 1050-88 hot rolling 207
Metal rolling GOST 1050-88 calibrated, cold-work 229
Metal rolling GOST 1050-88 annealing, calibrated 0–0

Technological Properties

Weldability Flake Susceptibility Propensity to temper brittleness
Boundedly welded not sensitive not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac1, K Ac3(Acm), K Ar3(Arcm), K Ar1, K Mn, K
730 810 796 680 360

Analogues

USA Germany
G10400 1.1172 (Cq35)

Standards

Standard Description
GOST 1050-88

Description of chemical elements

Element Units of measurement Description
Fe % Iron
Si % Silicon
Mn % Manganese
Cr % Chrome
Cu % Copper
Ni % Nickel
As % Arsenic
P % Phosphorus
C % Carbon
S % Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter Units of measurement Description
E\cdot 10^{9} MPa Elastic modulus
\alpha\cdot 10^{6} K^{-1} Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
\varkappa \frac{W}{m\cdot K} Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
\rho \frac{kg}{m^3} The density of the material
c\cdot 10^{-3} \frac{J}{kg\cdot K} The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
R\cdot 10^{-6} \Omega\cdot m Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter Units of measurement Description
\sigma _{U} MPa Ultimate tensile strength
\sigma_{P} MPa Proportionality limit
\epsilon_L % Elongation at break (longitudinal)
\psi % Reduction in cross section on fracture

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter Units of measurement Description
no limits Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter Units of measurement Description
Ac1 K
Ac3(Acm) K
Ar3(Arcm) K
Ar1 K
Mn K