U12 (U12A)
Steel is not used for welded structures, not inclined. to temper embrittlement. Flocking sensitivity: not sensitive Temperature of critical points Ac1 = 730, Ac3 (Acm) = 820, Ar1 = 700, Mn = 200. Substitutes U10, U11 .
cutting tools, working in conditions that do not cause heating of the cutting edge: Hand taps, Taps machine small-sized, die for Krupp scanning small-sized, Needle, measuring tools of simple shape: smooth gauges, staples.
Classification
Country |
Section |
Category |
CIS, Russia, Ukraine |
Tool steel |
Carbon Tool Steel |
Chemical composition
Standard |
Fe, % |
Si, % |
Mn, % |
Cr, % |
Cu, % |
Ni, % |
P, % |
C, % |
S, % |
GOST 1435-99 |
97.292–98.56 |
0.17–0.33 |
0.17–0.33 |
< 0.2 |
< 0.25 |
< 0.25 |
< 0.03 |
1.1–1.29 |
< 0.028 |
Information on suppliers
Physical characteristics
Temperature, °C |
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ |
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ |
$$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ |
$$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ |
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ |
$$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$, $$\Omega\cdot m$$ |
20 |
209 |
|
|
7830 |
|
|
100 |
205 |
10.5 |
45 |
7809 |
0.469 |
0.252 |
200 |
200 |
11.8 |
43 |
7781 |
0.503 |
0.333 |
300 |
193 |
12.6 |
40 |
7749 |
0.519 |
0.43 |
400 |
185 |
13.4 |
37 |
7713 |
0.536 |
0.54 |
500 |
178 |
13.1 |
35 |
7675 |
0.553 |
0.665 |
600 |
166 |
14.8 |
32 |
7634 |
0.72 |
0.802 |
700 |
|
15.3 |
28 |
7592 |
0.611 |
0.964 |
800 |
|
15 |
24 |
7565 |
0.712 |
1.152 |
900 |
|
16.3 |
25 |
7489 |
0.703 |
1.196 |
1000 |
|
16.8 |
|
|
0.699 |
|
Mechanical properties at 20 °C
Rolling |
Standard |
Size, mm |
Tension |
Classifiers |
$$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ |
$$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ |
$$\epsilon_L$$, % |
$$\psi$$, % |
$$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$, $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ |
Treatment |
Tape |
|
0.08–3 |
|
annealing |
750 |
|
10 |
|
|
|
Metal rolling |
|
|
|
|
590–690 |
325 |
28 |
50 |
270 |
Annealing |
Brinell hardness number
Rolling |
Standard |
Classifiers |
Value, HBW |
Alloy |
GOST 1435-99 |
annealing |
217 |
Technological Properties
Weldability |
Flake Susceptibility |
Propensity to temper brittleness |
Not applicable for welded structures |
not sensitive |
not inclined |
Critical point temperatures
Ac1, K |
Ac3(Acm), K |
Ar1, K |
Mn, K |
730 |
820 |
700 |
200 |
Analogues
Germany |
USA |
Japan |
France |
United Kingdom |
European Union |
Italy |
China |
Bulgaria |
Hungary |
Poland |
Czech Republic |
Austria |
1.1654 |
W1-11-1/2 |
SK2 |
C120E3U |
BW1C |
CT120 |
C120KU |
T11 |
U12 |
S122 |
N12 |
19221 |
K990 |
Standards
Description of chemical elements
Element |
Units of measurement |
Description |
Fe |
% |
Iron |
Si |
% |
Silicon |
Mn |
% |
Manganese |
Cr |
% |
Chrome |
Cu |
% |
Copper |
Ni |
% |
Nickel |
P |
% |
Phosphorus |
C |
% |
Carbon |
S |
% |
Sulfur |
Description of physical characteristics
Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ |
$$MPa$$ |
Elastic modulus |
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ |
$$K^{-1}$$ |
Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T) |
$$\varkappa$$ |
$$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ |
Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material) |
$$\rho$$ |
$$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ |
The density of the material |
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ |
$$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ |
The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T) |
$$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$ |
$$\Omega\cdot m$$ |
Electrical resistivity |
Description of mechanical properties
Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
$$\sigma _{U}$$ |
$$MPa$$ |
Ultimate tensile strength |
$$\sigma_{P}$$ |
$$MPa$$ |
Proportionality limit |
$$\epsilon_L$$ |
% |
Elongation at break (longitudinal) |
$$\psi$$ |
% |
Reduction in cross section on fracture |
$$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$ |
$$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ |
Impact toughness |
Designation of types of weldability
Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
no limits |
|
Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment |
Boundedly welded |
|
Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment |
Difficult to weld |
|
For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing |
Not applicable for welded structures |
|
|
Description of temperatures of critical points
Parameter |
Units of measurement |
Description |
Ac1 |
K |
|
Ac3(Acm) |
K |
|
Ar1 |
K |
|
Mn |
K |
|