12H18N9 (Х18Н9)

cold-rolled sheet and strip for increased strength of various parts and structures to be welded by spot welding, as well as for the manufacture of pipes and other parts; austenitic steel

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Corrosion-resistant alloys and steels	Corrosion-resistant heat-resistant steel

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Ni, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Ni, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
GOST 5632-72	68.025–75	< 0.8	< 2	17–19	8–10	< 0.035	< 0.12	< 0.02

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Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
20	205		15	7900		0.725
100	202	16.6	16.3	7860	0.504	0.792
200	197	17	17.5	7820		0.86
300	190	17.2	18.8	7780		0.92
400	181	17.5	21.3	7740		0.976
500	173	17.9	23	7690		1.028
600	160	18.2	26.8	7650		1.07
700	150	18.6	25.9	7600		1.117
800		18.9		7560
900		19.3

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	Treatment
Pipes are hot deformed.	GOST 9940-81				529		40
Pipes are coldly deformed.	GOST 9941-81				549		37
Bar of specified strength	GOST 18907-73				640–880		20
Rod	GOST 5949-75	60			490	196	45	55	Hardening of 1050-1100 ° C, air cooling
The bar is hardened.	GOST 18907-73				880–930
Forgings	GOST 25054-81				490	196	35–40	40–48
The plates	GOST 7350-77				530	215	38		Hardening of 1050-1120 ° C, cooling water
Sheet	GOST 5582-75				540	195	38		Hardening of 1050-1080 ° C, cooling water
The sheet is thin and hardened.	GOST 5582-75				930–1230		13
The sheet is thin and hardened.	GOST 4986-79				980		3–5

Brinell hardness number

Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Forgings	GOST 25054-81		1790

Technological Properties

Weldability
Weldability
no limits

Analogues

USA	Germany
USA	Germany
S30200	1.43 (X12CrNi188)

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 5632-72

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Cr	%	Chrome
Ni	%	Nickel
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$E\cdot 10^{9}$	$MPa$	Elastic modulus
$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$	$K^{-1}$	Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$\varkappa$	$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$\rho$	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	The density of the material
$c\cdot 10^{-3}$	$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$R\cdot 10^{-6}$	$\Omega\cdot m$	Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
no limits		Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded		Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld		For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures