12KhM
billets, forgings, boiler tubes for continuous service at temperatures up to 500 degrees.
Classification
Chemical composition
| Standard | Fe, % | Si, % | Mn, % | Cr, % | Ni, % | P, % | C, % | S, % | Mo, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | Fe, % | Si, % | Mn, % | Cr, % | Ni, % | P, % | C, % | S, % | Mo, % |
| GOST 5520-79 | 96.77–98.23 | 0.17–0.37 | 0.4–0.7 | 0.8–1.1 | < 0.3 | < 0.025 | < 0.16 | < 0.025 | 0.4–0.55 |
Information on suppliers
Physical characteristics
| Temperature, °C | $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ | $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ | $$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ | $$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ | $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ | $$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$, $$\Omega\cdot m$$ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature, °C | $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ | $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ | $$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ | $$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ | $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ | $$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$, $$\Omega\cdot m$$ |
| 20 | 216 | 7850 | 0.498 | |||
| 100 | 210 | 11.2 | 50.24 | 0.24 | ||
| 200 | 204 | 12.5 | 50.24 | 0.519 | 0.33 | |
| 300 | 199 | 12.7 | 50.24 | 0.569 | 0.41 | |
| 400 | 193 | 12.9 | 48.56 | 0.595 | 0.54 | |
| 500 | 182 | 13.2 | 46.89 | 0.653 | 0.64 | |
| 600 | 173 | 13.5 | 46.05 | 0.733 | 0.74 | |
| 700 | 13.8 | 43.96 | 0.888 | 0.9 |
Mechanical properties at 20 °C
| Rolling | Standard | Size, mm | Tension | Classifiers | $$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ | $$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ | $$\epsilon_L$$, % | $$\psi$$, % | $$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$, $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rolling | Standard | Size, mm | Tension | Classifiers | $$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ | $$\sigma_{P}$$, $$MPa$$ | $$\epsilon_L$$, % | $$\psi$$, % | $$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$, $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ | Treatment |
| Sheet | GOST 5520-79 | 430–550 | 235–245 | 18–22 | 490–590 | |||||
| Trumpet | 455 | 284 | 31.5 | 66.5 | 1930 | Normalization of 910-930 ° C, and Holidays 670-690 ° C, air cooling |
Critical point temperatures
Analogues
Standards
| Standard | Description |
|---|---|
| Standard | Description |
| GOST 5520-79 |
Description of chemical elements
Description of physical characteristics
| Parameter | Units of measurement | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Units of measurement | Description |
| $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ | $$MPa$$ | Elastic modulus |
| $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ | $$K^{-1}$$ | Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T) |
| $$\varkappa$$ | $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ | Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material) |
| $$\rho$$ | $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ | The density of the material |
| $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ | $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ | The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T) |
| $$R\cdot 10^{-6}$$ | $$\Omega\cdot m$$ | Electrical resistivity |
Description of mechanical properties
| Parameter | Units of measurement | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Units of measurement | Description |
| $$\sigma _{U}$$ | $$MPa$$ | Ultimate tensile strength |
| $$\sigma_{P}$$ | $$MPa$$ | Proportionality limit |
| $$\epsilon_L$$ | % | Elongation at break (longitudinal) |
| $$\psi$$ | % | Reduction in cross section on fracture |
| $$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$$ | $$\frac{J}{m^2}$$ | Impact toughness |