40H9S2 (4Х9С2)

Valves of automobile, tractor and diesel engines, heat exchangers, grate.

intake and exhaust engine valves, tube heat exchangers, heat exchangers, grate, fasteners; heat-resistant steel, martensitic class

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Heat resistant steels and alloys	Heat resistant high alloy steel

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Ti, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cr, %	Ti, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
GOST 5632-72	84.595–89.65	2–3	< 0.8	8–10	< 0.2	< 0.3	< 0.6	< 0.03	0.35–0.45	< 0.025

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Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$
Temperature, °C	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$
20			7630
100	11.1	17	7610
200	12.7		7580
300		20
400	14.3		7510

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	Treatment
Rod	GOST 5949-75				740	440	15	35	Annealing 850-870 ° C, air

Technological Properties

Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
Weldability	Flake Susceptibility	Propensity to temper brittleness
Not applicable for welded structures	not sensitive	inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K
Ac₁, K	Ac₃(Ac_m), K	Ar₃(Arc_m), K	Ar₁, K
900	970	970	810

Analogues

Germany	USA
Germany	USA
G-X45CrSi9-3	S65007

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 5632-72
GOST 5949-75

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Cr	%	Chrome
Ti	%	Titan
Cu	%	Copper
Ni	%	Nickel
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$	$K^{-1}$	Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$\varkappa$	$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$\rho$	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	The density of the material

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
no limits		Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded		Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld		For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Ac₁	K
Ac₃(Ac_m)	K
Ar₃(Arc_m)	K
Ar₁	K