A12

Substitute: A20.

For processing on machines and machines, pressure hot. able to last machining.

Carbon Sulfur Steel. According to GOST 1414−75 rolled steel A12 is not allowed to be used in the newly created and modernized technology.

Axles, rollers, bushings, gears, gear, fingers, screws, bolts and other lightly loaded small parts of complex shape are processed on the machines, vending machines, and which are increased requirements for surface quality and dimensional accuracy.

Classification

Country Section Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine Structural steel Improved machinability structural steel

Chemical composition

Standard Fe, % Si, % Mn, % Cu, % P, % C, % S, %
GOST 1414-75 97.79–98.91 0.15–0.35 0.7–1.1 < 0.25 0.08–0.15 0.08–0.16 0.08–0.2

Information on suppliers

Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C $$E\cdot 10^{9}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$, $$K^{-1}$$ $$\varkappa$$, $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ $$\rho$$, $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ $$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$, $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$
20 1.98 7830
100 1.83 11.9 78 0.47
200 12.5 67
300 1.66 0.479
400 13.6 0.517
500 14.2
600 0.571

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling Standard Size, mm Tension Classifiers $$\sigma _{U}$$, $$MPa$$ $$\psi$$, % d5, % Treatment
Rental hot rolled. GOST 1414-75 hot rolling 410 34 22
Rental calibrated. Hardened. GOST 1414-75 calibrated, cold-work 460–510 7

Brinell hardness number

Rolling Standard Classifiers Value, HBW
Rental hot rolled. GOST 1414-75 hot rolling 160
Rental calibrated. Hardened. GOST 1414-75 calibrated, cold-work 217

Technological Properties

Weldability Flake Susceptibility Propensity to temper brittleness
Not applicable for welded structures sensitive not inclined

Critical point temperatures

Ac1, K Ac3(Acm), K Ar3(Arcm), K Ar1, K
735 866 840 685

Analogues

USA Germany European Union
Gr.1108 1.0724 10S20

Standards

Standard Description
GOST 1414-75

Description of chemical elements

Element Units of measurement Description
Fe % Iron
Si % Silicon
Mn % Manganese
Cu % Copper
P % Phosphorus
C % Carbon
S % Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter Units of measurement Description
$$E\cdot 10^{9}$$ $$MPa$$ Elastic modulus
$$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$$ $$K^{-1}$$ Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$$\varkappa$$ $$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$$ Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$$\rho$$ $$\frac{kg}{m^3}$$ The density of the material
$$c\cdot 10^{-3}$$ $$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$$ The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter Units of measurement Description
d5 % Elongation at break
$$\sigma _{U}$$ $$MPa$$ Ultimate tensile strength
$$\psi$$ % Reduction in cross section on fracture

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter Units of measurement Description
no limits Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures

Description of temperatures of critical points

Parameter Units of measurement Description
Ac1 K
Ac3(Acm) K
Ar3(Arcm) K
Ar1 K